Introduction
Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE) is one of the nomenclature in the implementation of the K to 12 Basic Education Program (BEP) composed of four components namely: Agri-Fishery Arts, Home Economics, Industrial Arts and Information and Communication Technology (ICT). In this module, the focus is on an ICT mini-course – Computer Hardware Servicing.
Now that the workforce is behind in equating the number of available jobs, the Department of Education is revitalizing its resources to prepare the young minds by honing their skills as future hardware service providers. Thus, this module seeks to provide students with the knowledge, skills and motivation in the field of hardware servicing.
In this course, you will be introduced to different learning activities preparing you to be skillful before you take the plunge into the world of work as a hardware service provider and to feel more confident while providing support where needed. Indeed, as learners of hardware servicing, you are a crucial link in the emergency response process. Ideally, everyone should know what to do in an emergency situation, but proper training can help an individual provide basic care.
This module is specifically crafted to focus on Process and Delivery enriched with hands- on activities that will assess your level in terms of skills and knowledge. Learning procedures are divided into different sections such as: What to Know, What to Process, What to Reflect and Understand and What to Transfer. Examine and perform the suggested tasks to practice developing a sustainable program, prioritizing needs and building vision.
So, explore and experience the K to 12 TLE modules and be a step closer to being a computer hardware service provider.
Objectives:
At the end of this module, you are expected to:
identify the important components of a PC and their functions
familiarize occupational health and safety Procedures
distinguish the different hardware tools
perform the basic skills that are necessary to assemble and disassemble a PC
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Pre- assessment:
You will be challenged to dig deeper into your prior knowledge and previous experiences about computer hardware servicing. This Phase will guide you in assessing yourself by answering questions and many other types of evaluation for you to further explore the basics of computer hardware servicing.
SKILLS TEST
Direction: Listed below are some of the most important skills that you must gain in order to render quality service when you enter the real world of Computer Hardware Servicing. Read the skills carefully. Then write “Not much”, if you are not really familiar, “A little” and “A lot”, if you are familiar with the skill. Feel free to answer each skill. Write your answers in your notebook.
Skills in Computer Hardware Servicing Not Much A little A lot
I can open a computer case.
I can connect the mouse.
I can connect the keyboard.
I can connect the monitor.
I know how to use the Philip head screw driver.
I know how to use the anti- static wrist strap.
I know how to use the lint free cloth.
I can apply occupational health and safety precautions while working.
I can remove the system fan.
I can detach the power supply from the system unit.
I know how to remove the RAM from the motherboard.
I can remove the hard drive from the system unit.
I can install the power supply.
I know how to install the motherboard.
I can install the internal drives in a system unit.
I know how to attach RAM in the memory socket.
I can install CD / DVD drives.
Learning Goals and Targets:
After reading the introduction and carefully answering the pre assessment skills test, you might have ideas of what you will be dealing with in this module. Now prepare to set your goals and targets for this module by completing the activity below. Write your answer in your notebook.
My goals are:
My targets are:
Computers have become a useful part of our everyday lives. The types of computers we use at home or at work are referred to by varied names such as PCs, microcomputers, workstations, laptops and desktops. These computers are most popularly referred to as “personal computers” or PCs, the most common type of computer in the world.
Today, an average person uses computer-based assistance several times each day and it becomes an integral part of our lives. So it is very important to be aware of and understand them.
Preliminary Activity:
Direction: List five (5) hardware and software you are familiar with. Write your answer on the bubbles provided below:
Lesson 1: Understanding the Computer System
As an aspiring computer technician, it is very important to know the different components of a computer system. These are the hardware, software and peopleware. Each component plays an important role, without each other computer systems will not work properly.
1.1 Hardware- the physical, touchable, electronic and mechanical parts of a computer system.
A. Major hardware components of a computer system
The following list represents a basic set of hardware found in most PCs.
1. System Unit- The main part of a microcomputer, sometimes called the chassis. It includes the following parts: Motherboard, Microprocessor, Memory Chips, Buses, Ports, Expansion Slots and Cards.
Figure 1. Tower Type System Unit
2. Motherboard / Mainboard / System Board- The main circuit board of a computer. It contains all the circuits and components that run the computer.
Figure 2. Modern Motherboard
3. CPU (Central Processing Unit) - The processor is the main “brain” or “heart” of a computer system. It performs all of the instructions and calculations that are needed and manages the flow of information through a computer.
Figure 3. Examples of CPU (Intel Core 2 Duo and AMD Athlon)
4. Primary storage- (internal storage, main memory or memory) is the computer's working storage space that holds data, instructions for processing and processed data (information) waiting to be sent to secondary storage. Physically, primary storage is a collection of RAM chips.
Two (2) Types of Memory
a. ROM – (Read Only Memory) ROM is non-volatile, meaning it holds data even when the power is ON or OFF.
b. RAM – (Random Access Memory) RAM is volatile, meaning it holds data only when the power is on. When the power is off, RAM's contents are lost.
Figure 4. Examples of RAM
5. Expansion Bus - A bus is a data pathway between several hardware components inside or outside a computer. It does not only connect the parts of the CPU to each other, but also links the CPU with other important hardware.
Figure 5. Expansion Bus
6. Adapters- Printed-circuit boards (also called interface cards) that enable the computer to use a peripheral device for which it does not have the necessary connections or circuit boards. They are often used to permit upgrading to a new different hardware.
Figure 6. Adapter (Network Adapter)
7. Power Supply Unit (PSU) - Installed in the back corner of the PC case, next to the motherboard. It converts 120vac (standard house power) into DC voltages that are used by other components in the PC.
Figure 7. Power supply
8. Hard Disk Drive (HDD) - Also known as hard drive, is a magnetic storage device that is installed inside the computer. The hard drive is used as permanent storage for data. In a Windows computer, the hard drive is usually configured as the C: drive and contains the operating system and applications.
Figure 8. Power supply
9. Optical Drive- An optical drive is a storage device that uses lasers to read data on the optical media. There are three types of optical drives: Compact Disc (CD), Digital Versatile Disc (DVD) and Blu-ray Disc (BD).
Figure 9. CD ROM
10. Digital Versatile Disc (DVD) - Designed to optically access data stored on a DVD. A laser moves back and forth near the disk surface and accesses data at a very fast rate.
Figure 10. CD ROM
B. Input Devices - Accepts data and instructions from the user or from another computer system.
Two (2) Types of Input Devices
1. Keyboard Entry – Data is inputted to the computer through a keyboard.
Keyboard - The first input device developed for the PC. Data is transferred to the PC over a short cable with a circular 6-pin Mini-din connector that plugs into the back of the motherboard.
Figure 11. Keyboard
2. Direct Entry – A form of input that does not require data to be keyed by someone sitting at a keyboard. Direct-entry devices create machine-readable data on paper, or magnetic media, or feed it directly into the computer’s CPU.
Three Categories of Direct Entry Devices
1. Pointing Devices - An input device used to move the pointer (cursor) on screen.
• Mouse - The most common 'pointing device' used in PCs. Every mouse has two buttons and most have one or two scroll wheels.
Figure 12. Mouse
• Touch screen- A display screen that is sensitive to the touch of a finger or stylus. Used in myriad applications, including ATM machines, retail point-of-sale terminals, car navigation and industrial controls. The touch screen became wildly popular for smart phones and tablets.
Figure 13. Touch Screen Devices
• Light Pen - A light-sensitive stylus wired to a video terminal used to draw pictures or select menu options. The user brings the pen to the desired point on screen and presses the pen button to make contact.
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Figure 14. Light Pen
• Digitizer Tablet - A graphics drawing tablet used for sketching new images or tracing old ones. Also called a "graphics tablet," the user contacts the surface of the device with a wired or wireless pen or puck. Often mistakenly called a mouse, the puck is officially the "tablet cursor."
Figure 15. Digitizer Tablet
2. Scanning Devices- A device that can read text or illustrations printed on paper and translates the information into a form the computer can use.
Figure 16. Image scanner
Figure 17. Bar Code Reader
3. Voice- Input Devices - Audio input devices also known as speech or voice recognition systems that allow a user to send audio signals to a computer for processing, recording, or carrying out commands. Audio input devices such as microphones allow users to speak to the computer in order to record a voice message or navigate software.
Figure 18. Microphones
C. Output Devices - Any piece of computer hardware that displays results after the computer has processed the input data that has been entered.
1. Computer Display Monitor- It displays information in visual form, using text and graphics. The portion of the monitor that displays the information is called the screen or video display terminal.
Types of Monitor
a. CRT Monitors - Cathode Ray Tubes (CRT) were the only type of displays for use with desktop PCs. They are relatively big (14" to 16" deep) and heavy (over 15 lbs).
Figure 19. Cathode Ray Tube Monitor
b. LCD Monitors - Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) technology has been used in laptops for some time. It has recently been made commercially available as monitors for desktop PCs.
Figure 20. Liquid Crystal Display Monitor
c. LED Monitors (Light Emitting Diode) - A display and lighting technology used in almost every electrical and electronic product on the market, from a tiny on/off light to digital readouts, flashlights, traffic lights and perimeter lighting.
Figure 21. Light Emitting Diode Monitor
2. LCD Projectors- utilize two sheets of polarizing material with a liquid crystal solution between them. An electric current passed through the liquid causes the crystals to align so that light cannot pass through them. Each crystal, therefore, is like a shutter, either allowing light to pass through or blocking the light.
Figure 22. LCD Projector
3. Smart Board - A type of display screen that has a touch sensitive transparent panel covering the screen, which is similar to a touch screen.
Figure 23. Smart Board
4. Printer - A device that prints text or illustrations on paper.
Types of printer
• Ink-Jet or Bubble-Jet Printer - bprays ink at a sheet of paper. Ink-jet printers produce high-quality text and graphics.
Figure 24. Ink- Jet Printer
• Laser Printer - Uses the same technology as copy machines. Laser printers produce very high quality text and graphics.
Figure 25. Laser Printer
• LCD and LED Printer- Similar to a laser printer, but uses liquid crystals or light-emitting diodes rather than a laser to produce an image on the drum.
Figure 26. LCD Printer
• Line Printer - Contains a chain of characters or pins that print an entire line at one time. Line printers are very fast, but produce low-quality print.
Figure 27. Line Printer
• Thermal Printer- An inexpensive printer that works by pushing heated pins against heat-sensitive paper. Thermal printers are widely used in calculators and fax machines.
Figure 28. Thermal Printer
5. Speakers - Used to play sound. They may be built into the system unit or connected with cables. Speakers allow you to listen to music and hear sound effects from your computer.
D. Ports - External connecting sockets on the outside of the computer. This is a pathway into and out of the computer. A port lets users plug in outside peripherals, such as monitors, scanners and printers.
Table 1. The Ports and their function
Type of Port Function Illustration
Serial Port Intended for serial type mouse and older camera
Parallel Port Also called as printer port. This is only for old model printer. It has 25 pins. It is a female port.
VGA (Video Graphic Array) Port Used to connect monitors. It has 15 pins and it is a female port.
USB (Universal Serial Bus) Port High speed serial interface that is used with almost all devices. It is used to connect latest model printers, pen drives, cell phones etc. it has 4 pins.
PS/2 Port Simple, 6-pin, low-speed serial connections commonly dedicated to a keyboard and mouse.
Power Port Intended for power cord.
Type of Port Function Illustration
S-Video Port S-Video connections are available on certain source components and video display devices, and offer a higher level of video performance over composite video signals.
Audio Port Intended for plugging in the speaker or headset.
LAN (Local Area Networking) Port A physical interface often used for terminating twisted pair type cables used to connect computers onto a local-area networks (LAN), especially Ethernet RJ-45 connectors
E. Cables and Wires- A cable is most often two or more wires running side by side and bonded, twisted or braided together to form a single assembly, but can also refer to a heavy strong rope.
Table 2. The Cables and Connectors
Illustration Function
These jacks are intended for the PS/2 port specifically for PS/2 type of keyboard and mouse.
This type of jack is intended for the audio and microphone port.
Illustration Function
S-video jack is obviously for S-Video port
This monitor jack is intended for the VGA (Video Graphic Array) port
This USB (Universal Serial Bus) plug is intended for USB port. Modern or new model of peripherals like printer, camera, scanners and even other portable computer attachments used USB type of plugs.
This printer cable jack is intended for the parallel port.
RJ45 ("RJ" in RJ45 stands for "registered jack," since it is a standardized networking interface and the "45" simply refers to the number of the interface standard) is a type of connector commonly used for Ethernet networking.
Illustration Function
Power cord is the most important cord because it connects the computer to the main source of electricity to make it functional.
1.2 Software is the set of instructions (also called a program) that guides the hardware to operate effectively. Software can be split into two main types:
1. System Software – Any software required to support the production or execution of application programs, but which is not specific to any particular application. Common operating systems include Windows, the Macintosh OS, OS/2 and UNIX.
2. Application Software – Designed to help the user to perform singular or multiple related tasks. Examples of application software are as follows:
a. Word processing software - Creates, edits, saves, and prints documents. Example: MS Word, WordPerfect, Ami Pro, MacWrite.
b. Spreadsheet software - An electronic spreadsheet consisting of rows and columns is used to present and analyze data. Example: MS Excel, Lotus 123, Quattro Pro.
c. Database management software - Used to structure a database, a large collection of computer programs. Data is organized as fields and records for easy retrieval. Example: MS Access, dBase, Fox Pro, Oracle.
d. Graphic software - Graphics programs display results of data manipulation for easier analysis and presentation. Example: Macromedia Flash, Harvard Graphics, 3D Studio Max, Adobe Photoshop
1.3 People ware - Refers to people involved in the data processing operations such as the system administrator, office workers, students and others.
Task 1: Performance Test
Direction: Given the different cables, identify their functions as well as the part of computer system each one supports.
1. 2.
3. 4.
5. 6.
7. 8.
Task 2:
Direction: In the puzzle below, look for the 10 hidden computer components and give their role on the computer system.
REVEAL THE PARTS OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM
C G M M Q F Y L W K C P A H K H G C N H
P O R K I R X N A A O A U A K B M P H U
Z A M Z W G W P X W A F V R Q V X U M Y
Q U I P R Y P T E X V I R D B W A O R B
I R T B A R S R U Y L G R D V J B O C U
A O N R D C S G S I L N H I Q S M I L X
C U H L Q U T Z G D C J F S E E J K O U
N H X S P U P D A K O Z X K M T Y U Z S
G H L P F H G P I Z T A F D O U U F T R
A S L W W T R A O S Q F A R E H B G M O
R Y B E A E M J I X K P I I X E C F H T
E S A C M E T S Y S D D E V W T I D V I
K W M I Q K K I S I O R R E I L D F F N
L E I O M E H Y A S K S A I I D G Z K O
M Q U N D H M R W O Q U H O V K T M J M
W P T H E R M K Z W J U B J B E A P Q Z
K Z Z M L H M O U S E C K Y C Y V Y S D
Y B Y V X E W P L Q Q Y O V N H E Z H D
R N F H T U B U G L S N P F J W N K N J
M J G N Y H V J D U G F L U X O M K D A
1. ____________________
2. ____________________
3. ____________________
4. ____________________
5. ____________________
6. ____________________
7. ____________________
8. ____________________
9. ____________________
10. ____________________
Task 1:
1. View actual personal computer and discuss its parts and function.
2. Utilizing the Internet and the website YouTube, view a video regarding parts of the computer. Use the URLs below:
1. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A9gYVKPczRA
2. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bySnX9ZHYvo&feature=player_embedded
• After watching the videos, answer the following questions:
o Can you cite the different parts/ components of computer showed in the video presentation?
o Do the components play an important role in the computer system? Explain your answer.
Direction: Draw and label the different hardware of a computer. After drawing and labeling the hardware components, group them into Input Devices, Output Devices and Storage Devices.
PERSONAL COMPUTER
Preliminary Activity: Pre- Test
Direction: Select the letter of the correct answer. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Which tool is used for hardware to stand on to prevent static electricity from building up?
a. Anti-static mat c. Philips head screwdriver
b. Hex driver d. Wire cutter
2. Which tool is used to loosen or tighten cross-head screws?
a. Anti-static mat c. Philips head screwdriver
b. Hex driver d. Wire cutter
3. Which tool is sometimes called a nut driver? It is used to tighten nuts in the same
way that a screwdriver tightens screws?
a. Anti-static mat c. Philips head screwdriver
b. Hex driver d. Wire cutter
4. Which tool is used to strip and cut wires?
a. Anti-static mat c. Philips head screwdriver
b. Hex driver d. Wire cutter
5. Which tool is used to retrieve parts from location that are too small for your hand to
fit?
a. Part Retriever c. Cable ties
b. Lint-free Cloth d. Flat head screwdriver
6. Which tool is used to clean different computer components without scratching or leaving debris?
a. Part Retriever c. Cable ties
b. Lint-free Cloth d. Flat head screwdriver
7. Which tool is used to bundle cables neatly inside and outside of a computer?
a. Part Retriever c. Cable ties
b. Lint-free Cloth d. Flat head screwdriver
8. Which tool is used to loosen or tighten slotted screws?
a. Part Retriever c. Cable ties
b. Lint-free Cloth d. Flat head screwdriver
9. Which tool is used to loosen or tighten screws that have a star-like depression on the top, a feature that is mainly found on laptop?
a. Anti-static mat c. Philips head screwdriver
b. Torx screwdriver d. Wire cutter
10. Which tool is used to blow away dust and debris from different computer parts without touching the components?
a. Anti-static mat c. Compressed air
b. Hex driver d. Wire cutter
Lesson2: Use of Tools in PC Hardware Servicing
To complete hardware repairs, it is important to have a toolkit that should contain all of the necessary tools. As you gain experience, you will learn which tools to have available for different types of jobs. Hardware tools are grouped into these four categories:
•Electro-Static Discharge (ESD) tools
•Hand tools
•Cleaning tools
•Diagnostic tools
Electro-Static Discharge (ESD) Tools
Static electricity is easily generated by friction on carpets, tile flooring, clothing, hair, fabric, and etc. The friction of moving air alone will charge suspended particles and cause the buildup of static electrical charges on people and objects in the environment. Grounded antistatic work mats used with antistatic wrist straps provide the most basic means for the controlled discharge of electrostatic electricity.
Examples of ESD Tools:
Anti-static wrist strap – Used to prevent ESD damage to computer equipment.
Figure 29. Anti- static wrist strap
Anti-static mat – Used to stand on or place hardware on to prevent static electricity from building up.
Figure 30. Anti- static mat
Hand Tools
A hand tool is a device for performing work on a material or a physical system using only hands. Hand tools can be used manually or electrically powered, using electrical current. Examples of Hand Tools are as follows:
Table 3. Hand Tools
Tool Description
Flat Head Screwdriver – Used to loosen or tighten slotted screws.
Philips Head Screwdriver – Used to loosen or tighten cross-head screws.
Torx Screwdriver - Used to loosen or tighten screws that have a star-like depression on the top, a feature that is mainly found on laptop.
Hex Driver – Sometimes called a nut driver, is used to tighten nuts in the same way that a screwdriver tightens screws.
Needle-Nose Pliers – Used to hold small parts.
Tool Description
Wire Cutter – Used to strip and cut wires.
Tweezers – Used to manipulate small parts.
Part Retriever – Used to retrieve parts from location that is too small for your hand to fit.
Flashlight – Used to light up areas that you cannot see well.
Cleaning Tools
Having the appropriate cleaning tools is essential when maintaining or repairing computers. Using these tools ensures that computer components are not damaged during cleaning. Examples:
Table 4. Cleaning Tools
Tools Description
Lint-free Cloth – Used to clean different computer components without scratching or leaving debris.
Tools Description
Compressed Air – Used to blow away dust and debris from different computer parts without touching the components.
Cable Ties – Used to bundle cables neatly inside and outside of a computer.
Parts Organizer – Used to hold screw, jumpers, fasteners and other small parts and prevents them from getting mixed together.
Diagnostic Tools
Computers are easier to use and more dependable with each new generation of hardware and operating system update, but that does not mean they are problem-free. Here are the most popular tools for diagnosing your computer problems:
Table 5. Diagnostic tools
Tools Description
Multimeter – Used to test the integrity of circuits and the quality of electricity in computer components.
Loopback Adapter – Used to test the functionality of computer ports.
Proper Use of ESD Tools
Proper Use of Antistatic Wrist Strap
1. Connect the cable to the metal chassis of the computer.
2. Wrap the strap around your wrist.
3. The connection will keep your body at the same voltage (potential) as the computer.
4. Attach the wire on the same side of the equipment as the arm wearing the antistatic wrist strap to keep the wire out of the way while you are working.
Figure 31. Proper Use of Anti- static wrist strap
CAUTION: Never wear an antistatic wrist strap if you are repairing a monitor or CRT.
Proper Use of Antistatic Mat
1. Lay the computer on the mat.
2. Connect the computer to the mat with the cable.
3. Connect the mat to a reliable electrical ground with its cable.
4. Now, you and the computer are at ground potential.
Figure 32. Proper Use of Anti- static mat
Proper Use of Hand Tools
1. Use the proper type and size of screwdriver by matching it to the screw.
2. Do not over tighten screws because the threads may become stripped.
CAUTION: If excessive force is needed to remove or add a component, something
may be wrong.
CAUTION: Magnetized tools should not be used around electronic devices.
CAUTION: Pencils should not be used inside the computer because the pencil lead can act as a conductor and may damage the computer components.
Proper Use of Cleaning Materials
To clean computers and accessories:
1. Use mild cleaning solution and lint-free cloth to clean computer cases, outside of monitor, LCD screen, CRT screen and mouse.
2. Use compressed air to clean heat sinks.
3. Use Isopropyl alcohol and lint-free swabs to clean RAM.
4. Use hand-held vacuum cleaner with a brush attachment to clean a keyboard.
CAUTION: Before cleaning any device, turn it off and unplug the device from the power source.
Task 1: Name a Tool
Directions: Name the tools presented below. Write your answers on the space provided before each tool.
1.
8.
2.
9.
3.
10.
4.
11.
5.
12.
6.
13.
7.
14.
Task 2: Performance test
Directions: Using the different available tools in the laboratory, you will segregate the tools according to their classification whether it is an ESD tool, Hand tool, cleaning tool or a diagnostic tool. You will be rated according to the scoring rubric below:
(Note: the teacher will provide the different tools)
Classification of Tools
Scoring Rubrics
Criteria
Number of tools classified: Score
20- 22
10
15- 19
8
10- 14
6
5-9
4
1-4
2
1. Watch the video presentations on youtube using the following URL:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s7M6_VeDhJE&feature=related
2. After watching the presentation, you must answer the following questions:
What is your observation on the video being presented to you?
What are the tools you are familiar with?
Do you think those tools are essential in computer hardware servicing? Explain your answer.
Task 1: Clean it up!!
Direction: Complete the computer cleaning chart shown below. Indicate the appropriate tools to be used in cleaning the different computer components.
COMPUTER MAINTENANCE
COMPONENTS TO CLEAN CLEAN WITH:
Computer case
Mouse
Keyboard
Monitor
Speaker
Cooling fan
Heat sink
Task 2: Let’s do it!
Direction: Use the appropriate tools to do each of the following tasks. Safety precautions must be observed while working.
1. Loosen computer casing screws.
2. Blow away dust from keyboard.
3. Tighten screws of a PC.
4. Bundle cables inside the computer.
5. Test functionality of the printer port.
Scoring Rubrics:
Task Was the tool used accurately?
Yes No
1. Loosen computer casing screws
2. Blow away dust from keyboard
3. Tighten screws of a PC
4. Bundle cables inside the computer
5. Test functionality of the printer port
Note: Each YES for accurate use of tools will be equivalent to 2 points.
Total Score= Number of YES for accurate used of tools.
Preliminary Activity:
Direction: Fill up the diagram below with the things you think will be harmful when doing a hardware repair.
Lesson3: Occupational Health and Safety Procedures
Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment and Risk Control
Occupational safety and health (OSH) is a planned system of working to prevent illness and injury where you work by recognizing and identifying hazards and risks. Health and safety procedure is the responsibility of all persons in the computer and technology industries. You must identify the hazards where you are working and decide how dangerous they are. Eliminate the hazard or modify the risk that it presents.
There are three steps to manage health and safety at work: (1.) Spot the Hazard (Hazard Identification), (2.) Assess the Risk (Risk Assessment) and (3.) Make the Changes (Risk Control). You can use these three Think Safe steps to help prevent accidents at work
The Think Safe Steps
1. Spot the Hazard
A hazard is anything that could hurt you or someone else.
Examples of workplace hazards include:
• frayed electrical cords (could result in electrical shock)
• boxes stacked precariously (they could fall on someone)
• noisy machinery (could result in damage to your hearing)
During working hours, you must remain alert to anything that may be dangerous. If you see, hear or smell anything odd, take note. If you think it could be a hazard, tell someone.
2. Assess the Risk
Assessing the risk means working out how likely it is that a hazard will harm someone and how serious the harm could be.
Whenever you spot a hazard, assess the risk by asking yourself two questions:
•How likely is it that the hazard could harm me or someone else?
•How badly could I or someone else be harmed?
Always tell someone (your employer, your supervisor or your health and safety representative) about hazards you can't fix yourself, especially if the hazard could cause serious harm to anyone.
For example, (1)Ask your supervisor for instructions and training before using equipment, (2)Ask for help moving or lifting heavy objects, and (3) Tell your supervisor if you think a work practice could be dangerous.
If you are not sure of the safest way to do something during work experience, always ask your supervisor.
3. Make the Changes
It is your employer's responsibility to fix hazards. Sometimes you may be able to fix simple hazards yourself, as long as you don't put yourself or others at risk. For example, you can pick up things from the floor and put them away to eliminate a trip hazard.
Common hazards encountered by computer technicians and users
A hazard is a situation in the workplace that has the potential to harm the health and safety of people or to damage plant and equipment. The situation could involve a task, chemical or equipment used. Hazard management is a continuous process that can be used to improve the health and safety of all workplaces.
Physical Hazards
One of the most common physical hazards involving computer technicians is cables running across the floor. If someone trips, falls, and hurts himself because of a cable you ran across the floor, someone (you, your employer, or your customer) has a serious legal negligence problem. If you need to temporarily run a cable across the floor, place a Danger sign similar to those "wet floor" signs used by cleaning services.
For cables that are temporary but will need to run across the floor for a longer period of time, use "gaffers tape". Gaffers tape is a heavy tape with strong adhesive to stick to the floor. For long term cable routing there is a wide variety of cable organizing devices like cable ties, cable wraps, and cable raceways which can be used to run cable safely along the wall or ceiling.
Other common physical hazards include leaving tools on top of ladders and placing electronic equipment in precarious positions or on support that is not sturdy enough or not designed for holding electronic equipment.
Mechanical Hazards
When working on electronic equipment, ask yourself "Is there any way this equipment could hurt me?” You might stick your hand in a printer and suddenly the paper feed arm moves, feeding not only paper through the printer, but a piece of your finger too.
You might move your hand past a computer chassis and lose a chunk of flesh because it is razor sharp. When working on electronic equipment always be alert to any possibility of being hurt by moving parts, hot components, or sharp edges.
Chemical Hazards
There is a wide array of chemicals used with electronic equipment. There are display cleaning chemicals, keyboard cleaning chemicals, compressed gas dirt and dust removers, and many cleaning solvents. Some of these chemicals can be harmful if accidentally swallowed, get on bare skin, or get in eyes. Before using any chemicals for electronic equipment always read the warnings and instructions on the label.
Also be very careful when dealing with inkjet printer cartridges, or laser printer toner cartridges. Ink and toner can stain skin, clothing and carpet.
Electric Shock Hazard
Inside computers and electronic equipment, there is a range of voltages from 3.3 volts to 25 volts, most of which are harmless. But at the power supply, you will find line voltage, which is a lethal 220 volts.
The workplace should have safety guidelines to follow to:
Protect people from injury
Protect equipment from damage
Protect the environment from contamination
Safety Precautions when working:
1. Always ground or discharge yourself before touching any part of the computer.
2. Do not work alone so that there is someone who can take care of you in case of accident or emergency.
3. Be careful with the tools that may cause short circuit.
4. Always full the cable connector on the handle and not hold on the cable itself.
5. Use only rubber shoes when standing on the ground or in a concrete floor.
6. Make sure that the pins are properly aligned when connecting a cable connector.
7. Always power off and unplug the computer before working on it.
8. Take away any liquid such as mineral water or soft drinks near your working area or near computers.
9. Contingency measures during workplace accidents, fire, and other emergencies are recognized.
10. Personal protective equipment is correctly used in accordance with organization procedures and practice.
11. Hazard/risks in the workplace and their corresponding indicators are identified to minimize or eliminate risk to co‐workers, workplace, and environment.
12. Take necessary precautions to protect the component of the computer from damaged caused by Electrostatic Discharge (ESD).
13. Hold the components by edges and do not touch the IC’s.
14. Read and follow instructions on the manual carefully.
15. Do not use excessive force if things do not quite slip into place.
Fire Safety Guidelines
Know the location of fire extinguishers, how to use them and which to use for electrical fires and for combustible fires.
Find an escape route in case a fire gets out of control.
Know how to contact emergency services quickly
Keep the workspace clean.
Keep most solvents in a separate area.
Task 1: Identifying Safety Precautions
A. Directions: On the table provided below, list down the safety precautions applicable for people, equipment and the environment. Use the safety precautions when working as your reference.
People Equipment Environment
B. Direction : Identify what hazard is being illustrated in the situation below .
__________ 1. Slippery computer laboratory floor
__________ 2. Hot components, or sharp edges of computer devices
__________ 3. Laser printer toner
__________ 4. Obstructed electrical cables
__________ 5. Open CRT monitor
Task 1: Short Interview
Directions: Conduct an interview with a skilled computer technician and ask the following guide questions:
1. What are your personal preparations for your own safety when working?
2. What are the other safety precautions that you apply when working?
3. What are your tips for beginners like us in adhering with the safety precautions?
Task 2 : Time to Browse
Directions: Using the internet, read more eBooks about occupational health and safety precautions. Also you can watch video presentations featuring safety precautions when working. Have a note or hard copy of what you have researched. You may use the following web sites as your reference:
1. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SuRymEHxm3I
2. http://danreb.com/sites/default/files/CHS-NC2%20Reviewer%20-%20With%20Oral%20Questioning_0.pdf
3. http://info.psu.edu.sa/psu/cis/kalmustafa/CISCO/Lecture%20Slides/ITE_PC_v40_Chapter2.pdf
Task: I Care for Safe Work
Direction: Observe the set-up of your school’s Computer Laboratory. Pay attention to the procedures and arrangement being practiced and used in the workplace. Identify hazards and assess the risk based on your observations.
Spot the hazard
If you spot something hazardous, what should you do?
Simple hazard (e.g. boxes on the floor that get in the way)
More complex hazard (e.g. frayed cords, damaged equipment)
Assess the risk
What two main things should the person in charge or responsible for safety consider when assessing the risk?
Preliminary Activity: Skills Test
Direction: Listed below are some of the most important skills that you must gain in order for you to render quality service when you enter the real world of Computer Hardware Servicing. Read carefully the skills then put a check mark in Not much if you are not really familiar, A little if you have a little knowledge and A lot if you are familiar with the skill. Feel free to answer each skill.
Skills in Computer Hardware Servicing Not Much A little A lot
I can open a computer case.
I can connect the mouse.
I can connect the keyboard.
I can connect the monitor.
I can detach the power supply from the system unit.
I know how to remove the RAM from the motherboard.
I can remove the hard drive from the system unit.
Lesson 4: Assembly and Disassembly of a Personal Computer
One of the basic skills that you must acquire in computer hardware servicing is to independently assemble and disassemble a personal computer or simply setting up a PC. After familiarizing with all the tools and safety precautions I believe that you are now ready to gain another experience in CHS by going through this lesson.
Personal Computer Disassembly
Before starting computer disassembly, make sure you have the tools you need and they're all close by and handy and be sure to have a container to keep the screws in so you have them when you want to put things back together.
Step1. Unplugging - The first thing you do is to unplug every cable that is plugged in to your computer. That includes the cables such as Power, USB, Mouse, Keyboard, Internet, Ethernet, Modem, AM\FM Antenna, Cable TV, etc. Just unplug all the cables for safety purposes.
Now that your computer is fully unplugged, move your PC to a clean work space, preferably a carpet. The carpet is better than tile, because screws and other small parts will roll around.
Step2. Opening the Outer Shell/Case- First, unscrew the four screws at the back of the computer. On most computer cases, there will be large knobs that you can unscrew by hand or by screw driver on the back-right side of the computer. The left side has small screws because on that side you can't access much on the inside.
Figure 33. Screw at the back of computer chasis
Once the screws are removed, you can remove the side panels. On most computers, they just slide off. Start with the left side panel (the side that once had the knobs), slide it towards the back of the computer. Now you can remove the left panel. Just like the other side, slide it towards the back of the computer.
Figure 34. Removing the side panel
NOTICE:
If you are working on a carpet, about every five minutes touch something that is grounded (Sink faucet / pipe, wire coming from the ground part of a wall outlet). This is done so you do not shock your motherboard or other parts.
Step3. Removing the System Fan - First, unplug the fan from the motherboard. You can find the plug by following the wire from the fan. It should be labeled "SYS_FAN1". Next, you will have to unscrew the fan from the outside. You should now be able to lift the fan out of the PC.
Figure 35. Removing the system fan
Step4. Removing the CPU Fan- The CPU fan is located right on top of the CPU heat sink, which is a large piece of metal with fins on the top. The CPU fan plugs into the motherboard in an awkward place, that is hard to access. But just follow the wires and you should easily find it. It is labeled "CPU FAN1". To remove the fan from the heat sink, remove the four screws securing it in place.
Figure 36. Removing the CPU fan
Step5. Power Supply - The first thing to do is unplug every wire coming from the power supply. You must disconnect the motherboard (very large connector/plug), CD/DVD drive(s) power, internal hard drive power and portable hard drive slot power.
Once everything is unplugged, unscrew the four screws holding the power supply in place, on the back of the computer. Next, push the power supply from the outside, and then lift it out.
Figure 37. Unscrew the power supply
Step6. CD/ DVD Drive(s)- First, unplug the ribbon from the back of the drive. Once that is completed, pull on the tab securing the drive in place, then push it out from the inside.
Figure 38. Location of CD / DVD Drive
Step7. Hard Drive - First, unplug the connector at the back of the slot, and unplug the other end from the motherboard. Also unplug the SATA cable from the motherboard and the hard drive. The portable hard drive slot is secured the same way the CD/DVD drive is, with a tab. Pull on the tab, then slide the slot out.
Figure 39. Unplugging the Hard Drive connector
To remove the hard drive from the side of the slot, unscrew the four screws securing it in place. You must be very careful not to drop the hard drive, since it is very delicate!
Figure 40. Removing the hard drive from the side of the slot
Step8. Memory (RAM) - To remove the RAM, push down on both tabs holding the RAM in place, which are located at both ends of the RAM.
Figure 41. Removing the Memory
Step9. Motherboard - The motherboard has seven screws holding it to the frame, which are indicated by large white circles around them. Remove them and then lift the motherboard out of the frame.
Figure 42. Removing the Motherboard
Step by Step Computer Assembly
Step 1. Prepare your workplace
1. Take Inventory:
Before you start, take an inventory of your parts. Do not begin assembling your computer if you don't have everything you need. Begin the step-by-step process once you are ready with everything you need.
Figure 43. Take inventory of the Different Computer Parts
2. Make Space, Make Time:
Building a PC takes up space - about a dining room table worth. So make sure you have plenty of working room and a few hours to proceed with minimal interruption. Work on a flat, stable table top surface, or bare floor, where you have room to layout all of the items.
3. Prepare Grounding Protection:
Use an inexpensive antistatic wrist strap. It is the perfect preventive measure if you have no alternative to working on carpet. Remember, a table top or bare floor is always the best place to build your system. Make sure you are wearing your antistatic wrist strap correctly (it does you no good at all if you do not wear it!), and you are ready to proceed. Look at Figure 42 for details.
Figure 44. Wearing the Anti- static Wrist Strap Correctly
4. Have the Drivers Ready:
Assuming you have another internet connected PC, download the latest drivers from the vendors' websites for each component you will be installing. Sometimes drivers are updated between the time the component was manufactured and the time you are installing it. It is always best to have the latest. Copy them to a CD for easy access.
Step 2. Prepare the Motherboard
1. Great care should be taken when installing the motherboard. First, take the board out of its packaging and put it on top of the antistatic bag it came in (see Figure 45). Remember, you always want to safeguard your components from potentially hazardous static electricity (wear your strap).
Figure 45. Motherboard in an Antistatic Bag
2. Before you secure the motherboard onto the PC case/chassis, inspect it carefully for any visible defects.
3. Next, review the motherboard manual, to make sure you are familiar with the motherboard layout and understand which socket is which. Manuals are extremely helpful, usually easy to read, and include illustrations. Below you can find instructions on how to install the processor, the heat sink and the memory modules on the motherboard. You should not place the motherboard in the computer case until you are told to do so.
Step 3. Install the CPU
1. Use the unlocking mechanism to open the CPU socket which is usually a lever.
2. Carefully line up the pins and place the chip in its socket; it will fit only when oriented the proper way. An arrow or a missing pin on one corner of the chip will show you how to line things up.
3. Align Triangular CPU and socket key marks as shown in Figure 46.
4. Lower the lever to lock the CPU into place.
Figure 46. Install CPU
Step 4. Install the CPU Heat Sink
1. Follow the manufacturer's directions to install the heat sink and the fan that will cool the processor. If you bought an OEM CPU and a separate heat sink, you may need to spread a thin layer of the thermal grease that came with the heat sink over the chip to ensure proper transfer of heat (some heat sinks come with this grease already applied).
Figure 47. Install CPU Heat Sink
3. Attach the clip that holds the heat sink in place keeping in mind that it may require a fair amount of force. Again, follow the instructions that came with the heat sink. They will show you how to fit it correctly. If you are in doubt, you can visit the manufacturer's website for more information.
4. Plug the CPU fan's power connector into the proper connector on the motherboard.
Step 5. Install Memory (RAM Modules)
In order to install the memory modules, insert them into the proper sockets (Figure 48) and push down firmly but evenly until the clips on both sides of the socket pop into place. If your motherboard supports dual-channel memory, consult the user manual to determine which pairs of RAM sockets you should use. The motherboard and the CPU are the brain and nerve center of your PC, so selecting these components is the most important decision you'll make.
Figure 48. Install RAM Memory
Step 6. Place the motherboard into the case
1. Some PC cases have a removable motherboard tray. If yours does, remove the screws holding it in place and pull it out of the case (Figure 49).
Figure 49. Remove Motherboard Tray
2. Note the pattern of the holes in your motherboard (Figure 50), and screw brass standoffs into the motherboard tray or into the PC case in the correct locations (ALWAYS check the manual and follow their instructions to the letter).
Figure 50. Screw Brass Standoffs Into the Motherboard
3. Check the layout of the sockets on the motherboard, and confirm that the ports on your motherboard's back panel match the holes on the case's Input/Output (I/O) shield that is installed in your case. If necessary, remove the old I/O shield by tapping it firmly a few times with the butt-end of a screwdriver, and then replace it with the shield that came with the new motherboard.
4. Carefully position the motherboard on top of the brass standoffs (Figure 51), line up all the holes, and use the screws that accompanied the case to fasten down the motherboard. If you are using a removable tray in your system, slide the tray and motherboard back into the case and then secure the tray.
Figure 51. Case’s I /O Shield
Figure 52. Mount the Motherboard
Step 7. Connect the Power Supply
Making the proper connections is crucial to successfully assembling your PC system. Fortunately, manufacturers provide color-coded power cables and unique connector shapes to make the job easy.
1. First, plug the large ATX power connector (Figure 53) from your power supply into the matching port on your motherboard. Look Figure X for details.
2. Locate the smaller, square processor power connector (Figure 54) (you cannot miss it - it is the one sprouting the yellow and black wires) and attach it to the motherboard. Note: your connector is usually located near the processor. As always, refer to your motherboard's manual for the exact locations.
3. Use your motherboard user manual and find the description about front-panel connectors.
Figure 53. Large ATX Connector
Figure 54. Connect the ATX Power in the Motherboard
Figure 55. Square Processor Power Connector
NOTE
You are going to be doing work that requires attention to detail and can be quite frustrating if you do not go into it with the right attitude.
4. Attach each of the tiny leads from the power and reset switches (Figure 56), the hard-disk activity lights, the PC speaker, and any front-panel USB and FireWire ports to the corresponding pin on your motherboard. The needle-nose pliers are useful for manipulating small pieces.
Figure 56. Connect the different Leads
Step 8. Install Graphics / Video Cards
1. Begin by removing the backplane cover from the AGP or PCI Express X16 slot (the metal piece where the monitor connector will emerge) (Figure 57).
Figure 57. Remove the backplane cover
2. Install the graphics board in that slot, and then secure the card with a screw (Figure 58).
Figure 58. Install the Graphics Board
Step 9. Install Internal Drives
Now it is time to install your drives. This is an easy process, but it requires attention to detail.
1. Make any necessary changes to jumpers on the drives before mounting them in the case. A two-drive system (one or two SATA (Serial ATA- is a standard hardware interface for connecting hard drives and CD/DVD drives to a computer) hard drives, plus one parallel ATA (Advanced Technology Attachment) optical drive, for example) is easy to set up; the SATA drives are jumper less, and the optical drive can be set as master on its own parallel ATA channel. Many cases have removable drive rails or cages to house drives.
2. Use the included screws to attach your drives to the rails or cage, and slide them into the case. For externally accessible drives such as a DVD recorder, you can save time by installing one drive rail and sliding the drive in for a test fitting to make sure that its front is flush with the case (Figure 59).
3. When the drives are installed, connect power and data cables to each one. Parallel ATA drives use wide, flat data cables that can be installed only in the correct way. Floppy drives use a similar but smaller cable; SATA drives use a thin, 1cm-wide data cable. SATA drives use a new type of power connector that many power supplies don't come with. Fortunately, many motherboards ship with
adapters for converting a standard four-pin power connector to a SATA power connector (Figure 59).
Figure 59. Attach your devices
Figure 60. Connect Power Connector
Step 10. Install the Add- in Cards
1. For each add-in card, you must choose a free PCI slot.
2. Remove its backplane cover to allow access from the rear of the case.
3. Carefully position the card above the slot, and press down firmly to seat the card (Figure 61).
4. Secure the card with a screw.
Figure 61. Add- in Cards
Many motherboards have additional sound connectors or ports housed on small add-in boards. Some of these plug into slots on the motherboard; others screw into the back of the case in place of slot covers. Usually the additional ports are not essential to your PC's operation. For example, if you install a sound card, you do not need connectors to the motherboard's built-in sound chip. Check your motherboard manual to determine what each of these boards does.
Connecting Peripherals of a Personal Computer
When attaching hardware and peripherals of the computer, ensure that they are connected to the correct locations or ports. For example, some mouse and keyboard cables use the same type of PS/2 connector. So, you must know first the different ports that can be found in the back panel of the computer.
Keep in mind:
1. When attaching cables, never force a connection.
2. Plug in the power cable after you have connected all other cables.
Steps in Connecting External Hardware of a PC
Step 1. Attach the monitor cable to the video port.
Step 2. Secure the cable by tightening the screws on the connector.
Figure 62. Attach the Monitor Cable
Step 3. Plug the keyboard cable into the PS/2 keyboard port.
Figure 63. Plug the Keyboard Cable
Step 4. Plug the mouse cable into the PS/2 mouse port.
Figure 64. Plug the Mouse Cable
Step 5. Plug the USB cable into a USB port.
Figure 65. Plug the USB Cable
Step 6. Plug the network cable into the network port.
Figure 66. Plug the Network Cable
Step 7. Plug the power cable into the power supply.
Figure 67. Plug the Power Cable
After connecting all the cables into their proper places, the picture in the next page should be the appearance of the back panel of your PC.
Figure 68. Appearance of the PC’s Back Panel
Task: Rearrange the Procedures
Direction: Rearrange the following procedures in their proper order. Use numbers to indicate their order of precedence. The first number is done for you.
A. Personal Computer Disassembly
__7_1. Detaching the Hard Drive
____2. Detaching the power supply
____3. Opening the outer shell / case
____4. Pull Out the Motherboard
____5. Removing the CD / DVD Drives
____6. Removing the CPU fan
____7. Removing the system fan
____8. Unplugging all the cables and wires
B. Personal Computer Assembly
__7_1. Connect the Power Supply
____2. Install Graphics / Video Cards
____3. Install Internal Drives
____4. Install Memory (RAM Modules)
____5. Install the Add- in Cards
____6. Install the CPU
____7. Install the CPU Heat Sink
____8. Place the motherboard into the case
____9. Prepare the Motherboard
____10. Prepare your workplace
Task 1: Time to Browse!
Direction: Utilizing the internet, watch video presentations about connecting PC parts and read additional books for computer hardware servicing to broaden your ideas and skills. You can use the following URLs for your reference.
1. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6N7bqBsFL0w- Computer Hardware Basics
2. http://www.wikihow.com/Install-Computer-Hardware- How to install Computer Hardware
3. http://www.directron.com/howtoupsys.html- How to install Computer components
4. http://www.gcflearnfree.org/computerbasics/10.1- Setting Up a Desktop Computer
Task 2: Group and Learn
Direction: Have a group of five (5) people and discuss about the video presentations, have a brain storming about the helpful tips given in the video and try to acquire the techniques on the PC Assembly and disassembly by having an actual activity.
Task 1: Performance Test
Direction: Follow the given procedures below and safety precautions must be observed when working. You will be rated in accordance with the rubrics provided below:
Procedures:
A. PC Disassembly
B. Personal Computer Assembly
C. Connecting PC Peripherals
Rubrics for your performance Test
Criteria Score
Accuracy 50 %
Adherence to the procedures 20%
Workmanship(applied safety precautions) 20%
Speed 10%
Task 2:
Direction: Answer the essential questions below according to your experience in connecting hardware and peripherals of a computer.
1. What is the essence of following the correct procedures in connecting the PC parts?
2. What do you think is the main reason why we should never exert too much force when attaching the cables of PC parts? Explain your answer.
3. What is your perspective why the power cable should always be the last on the procedure of attaching parts?
4. What do you feel when you are doing the activity?
5. As a computer technician, why do think skills is a crucial factor?
FINAL ACTIVITY
Activity 1: Team up and Learn!!
Direction: After completing all the lessons in this module you need to accomplish the final activities provided here.
Team up/hook up with a skilled computer technician in your locality and render a quality /marketable services showcasing all the skills you’ve acquired from this module. Have an evidence of your activity. Have a journal or narrative report of your performance.
Activity 2:
Perform the following:
1. Clean all the dirty computers in the computer laboratory
2. Show or exhibit skills in PC assembly and disassembly using the defective computers in the computer laboratory.
SUMMARY
Process and Delivery of Computer Hardware Servicing is actually a basic foundation of the higher level of PC troubleshooting and repair. All the basic and fundamental knowledge was discussed in each lessons as well the primary skills that a technician should acquire in order to produce marketable product / service which is one of the goals of entrepreneurship.
Lesson 1 covers the different components and parts of a computer system. It is critical to know the different components so that when problem occurs, a technician could easily diagnose where the problem came from and simply apply /suggest remedy into it.
There are different tools and equipments that are required to accomplish a certain task in a given span of time. In lesson 2, different useful tools are featured as well as the proper way of using them.
In computer hardware servicing and whichever field or area he / she is connected to, a person should always be very cautious with the Occupational Health and Safety precautions in order to be safe and free from any hazards that would affect the equipments as well as the environment.
Moreover, lesson 4, offers the basic procedures of personal computer assembly and disassembly and installing / connecting the peripherals of a computer system which is essential because the computer system will not work properly if hardware / peripherals were not attached properly into it.
Understanding computer system is really a brain breaking job, but of course all starts from a little knowledge and eventually into a broader one. This module would help the reader to have at least the basic and primary knowledge of computer system.
ANSWER KEY
Lesson 1: Process
1. USB Cable / mouse / keyboard / printer / camera / scanner
2. RJ 45 / LAN
3. VGA / Monitor
4. Printer cable jack
5. Speaker jack
6. Power cord / power supply
7. PS/2 / mouse and keyboard
Lesson 1: Process
C + + + + + + + + + + P + H + + + C + +
+ O + + + + + + + + O + + A + + + P + +
+ + M + + + + + + W + + + R + + + U + Y
+ + + P + + + + E + + + + D + + + + R +
+ + + + A + + R + + + + + D + + B O + +
+ + + + + C S + + + + + + I + + M I + +
+ + + + + U T + + + + + + S + E + + O +
+ + + + P + + D + + + + + K M + + + + S
+ + + P + + + + I + + + + D + + + + + R
+ + L + + + + + + S + + + R + + + + + O
+ Y + + + + + + + + K + + I + + + + + T
E S A C M E T S Y S D D + V + + + + + I
+ + + + + + + + + + + R R E + + + + + N
+ + + + + + + + + + + + A I + + + + + O
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + O V + + + + M
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + B E + + + +
+ + + + + + M O U S E + + + + Y + + + +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + E + + +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + K + +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Lesson 2: Process
Task 1:
1. Anti- Static Wrist strap
2. Flat head screw driver
3. Flashlight
4. Lint free cloth
5. Multi- tester
6. Anti static mat
7. Philips head Screw driver
8. Part Retriever
9. Compressed air
10. Loop back adapter
11. Torx
12. Tweezer
13. Hex
14. Needle Nose Plier
Task 1
COMPUTER MAINTENANCE
COMPONENTS TO CLEAN CLEAN WITH:
Computer case Cleaning solution and lint free cloth
Mouse Lint free cloth and cleaning solution
Keyboard Brush, lint free cloth, mini vacuum cleaner
Monitor Cleaning solution and lint free cloth
Speaker Brush and lint free cloth
Cooling fan Brush, compressed air
Heat sink Compressed air, brush
Lesson 3: Process
People Equipment Environment
1. Do not work alone so that there’s someone who can take care of you in case of accident or emergency.
2. Use only rubber shoes when standing on the ground or in a concrete floor
3. Always power off and unplug the computer before working on it.
4. Contingency measures during workplace accidents, fire and other emergencies are recognized.
5. Personal protective equipment is correctly used in accordance with organization procedures and practice
6. Read and follow instruction on the manual carefully.
1. Always ground or discharge yourself before touching any part of the computer
2. Be careful with the tools that may cause short circuit
3. Always full the cable connector on the handle and not hold on the cable itself
4. Make sure that the pins are properly aligned when connecting a cable connector.
5. Take away any liquid such as mineral water or soft drinks near your working area or near computers
6.Take necessary precautions to protect the component of the computer from damaged cause by Electrostatic Discharge (ESD).
7. Hold the components by edges and do not touch the IC’s.
8. Do not use excessive force if things don’t quite slip into place.
1. Hazard/risks in the workplace and their corresponding indicators are identified to minimize or eliminate risk to co‐workers, workplace and environment.
GLOSSARY
adapters - These are printed-circuit boards that enables the computer to use a peripheral device for which it does not have the necessary connections or circuit boards.
application software - A set of programs designed to help the user to perform singular or multiple related tasks.
bus- A data pathway between several hardware components inside or outside a computer.
cable ties- a type of cleaning tool used to tie cables and wires.
compressed air- A cleaning tool composed of air used to blow away dust.
digitizer- Is a graphics drawing tablet used for sketching new images or tracing old ones.
expansion bus - It connects the parts of the CPU to each other, but also links the CPU with other important hardware.
hand tool- A device for performing work on a material, or a physical system using only hands.
hard disk drive- Is a magnetic storage device that is installed inside the computer.
hardware- These are the tangible component of a computer system.
hazard- Is a situation in the workplace that has the potential to harm the health and safety of people or to damage plant and equipment.
lint- free cloth- A type of cloth used to clean different computer components without scratching
motherboard- The main circuit board of a computer containing all the essential parts of a PC.
people ware- Refers to people involved in the data processing operations.
port - Is an external connecting socket on the outside of the computer. This is a pathway into and out of the computer.
RJ45- "RJ" in stands for "registered jack," since it is a standardized networking interface and "45" simply refers to the number of the interface standard.
serial port- A port intended for serial type of mouse and older camera.
smart board - Type of display screen that has a touch sensitive transparent panel covering the screen.
static electricity - An accumulation of electric charge on an insulated body.
system software- Is a set of instruction required to run a computer system.
tool – Is a handheld device that aids in accomplishing a task.
toolkit - A set of tools designed to be used together .
ACRONYMS
ATA- Advance Technology Attachment
BIOS- Basic Input Output System
CD- Compact Disc
CHS- Computer Hardware Servicing
CRT- Cathode Ray Tube
ESD- Electro Static Discharge
DVD- Digital Versatile Disc
HDD- Hard Disk Drive
LAN- Local Area Networking
LCD- Liquid Crystal Display
LED- Light Emitting Diode
OHS- Occupational Health and Safety
RAM- Random Access Memory
ROM- Read Only Memory
SATA- Serial Advance Technology Attachment
USB- Universal Serial Bus
VGA- Video Graphic Array
REFERENCES
Books and Articles and Printed Materials:
1. Barry Press, Marcia Press, PC Upgrade and Repair Bible,
Desktop Edition., Wiley Publishing Inc., 10475 Crosspoint
Boulevard, Indianapolis, IN 46256
2. Ron Gilster, PC Repair Bench Book., Wiley Publishing Inc., 10475
Crosspoint Boulevard, Indianapolis, IN 46256
3. Barry Press, Marcia Press, PC Upgrade and Repair Bible, Desktop
Edition., Wiley Publishing Inc., 10475 Crosspoint Boulevard, Indianapolis,
IN 46256
4. K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum- Technology and Livelihood Education
Learning Module –Computer Hardware Serviciing- RONALDO V. RAMILO and
DEOVER M. PASCO
Electronic Resources:
1. http://www.buzzle.com/articles/computer-memory-types.html
Computer Memory Types
2. http://www.athropolis.com/popup/c-comp2.htm
Measurements for Memory & Storage
3. http://www.ustudy.in/ce/hard/u1
Fundamentals of PC repair
4. http://danreb.com/sites/default/files/CHS-NC2%20Reviewer%20-%20With%20Oral%20Questioning_0.pdf
Occupational Health and Safety Precautions
5. http://puzzlemaker.discoveryeducation.com/CrissCrossSetupForm.asp
Puzzles for Activities
6. http://info.psu.edu.sa/psu/cis/kalmustafa/CISCO/Lecture%20Slides/ITE_PC_v40_Chapter2.pdf
Occupational Safety Precautions
7. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tfKe8PPI2zs&feature=related
Conversion of Decimal N umber to Binary
8. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s7M6_VeDhJE&feature=related
9. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6N7bqBsFL0w-
Computer Hardware Basics
10. http://www.wikihow.com/Install-Computer-Hardware-
How to install Computer Hardware
11. http://www.directron.com/howtoupsys.html-
How to install Computer components
12. en.wikipedia.org
13. http://www.bechtel.com/assets/files/Environmental/ToolboxSafetyTopics/20
10/ProperToolSelection.pdf
Tool Selection
14. http://www.iml.uts.edu.au/assessment-futures/designing/assembling.html
15. http://www.instructables.com/id/Disassemble-a-Computer/- Computer Basics
How to use a computer keyboard
A computer keyboard is an input device used with all types of computers. Newer devices like a smartphone and tablet even still use an on-screen keyboard. This page is designed to help new computer users become more familiar and efficient with their keyboard. For new users, we suggest reading through all of the below sections and doing all of the practices. If you are familiar with the keyboard but want to be more efficient click on any of the links below to jump to the section.
Connecting the keyboard
Familiarizing yourself with the keyboard
Overview of each section of the keyboard
Start typing and how to position hands
Correcting errors
Deleting text one letter and one word at a time
Using the arrow keys to move around
Upper case, lower case, and all caps
Getting to the beginning and end of a line
Highlighting text using the keyboard
Copy and paste text using the keyboard
Using the 10-key
Keyboard shortcuts
Additional practice sentences
Connecting the keyboard
Before you can begin to use the keyboard, it must be properly connected to the computer and working. If you have a new computer and need help connecting the keyboard or the keyboard is not working see our steps on connecting and installing a keyboard.
Familiarizing yourself with the keyboard
Below is an overview of a Desktop computer keyboard. In this picture, we point to each of the major portions of the keyboard that are explained in further detail in the overview.
Computer keyboard overview
Overview of each section of the keyboard
Alphanumeric keyboard
The alphanumeric keyboard is the primary portion of the keyboard that contains letters, numbers, punctuation, and some of the symbol keys. Today, most users use a QWERTY style keyboards, as shown in the below illustration. You can tell if you are using a QWERTY keyboard by looking at the first six letters to see if they spell "QWERTY."
Qwerty keyboard layout
See the link below for a full listing of each key and symbol and their functions.
A listing of keyboard keys and their explanations.
Function keys
The function keys or F1 through F12 or F19 keys are used in programs as shortcut keys to performed frequently performed tasks. For example, the F1 key is the key to open the online help for most programs.
Listing of F1 through F12 keys and what do they do?
On some keyboards, the function keys may be used to activate additional functions on a computer. Used in combination with the Fn key, the function keys can activate other functions, like changing screen brightness, accessing media controls, or turning off the computer.
Keyboard control keysControl and toggle keys
The control keys or toggle keys give the user additional control over text manipulation and cursor placement. They may also be used as shortcut keys in many programs. See our control keys definition for additional information and examples.
Tip: Control keys and Ctrl keys are different.
Keypad
Although not available on all computer keyboards, especially laptops; the keypad gives the user a quick access to numbers and math functions such as plus, divide, times, and subtract. See the keypad definition for further information, pictures, and related links.
Wrist pad
In our example picture, the Saitek keyboard has a wrist pad intended to help support the user's wrists. Although many keyboards do not include a wrist pad, hundreds of different options can be purchased at a computer store or online.
Warning: Experts debate the need for wrist pads and many Ergonomic experts argue a wrist pad may be more stressful and may help cause carpal tunnel.
Keyboard arrow keysArrow keys
The arrow keys are four directional keys that allow you to move the cursor or change a highlighted selection. See our arrow keys page for further information.
Special keys or media keys on a multimedia keyboard
Multimedia keyboards have additional buttons not found on a traditional keyboard. See our special keys page for further information.
Start typing and how to position hands
Before typing make sure your hands are in the proper position on the home row keys and that as you type each finger is pressing the correct key. Below is a picture to help illustrate where each finger should be positioned as well as the home row keys. Your left-hand fingers should be positioned over A, S, D, and F keys and your right-hand should be positioned over the J, K, L, and ; keys. Also, each color helps illustrate what fingers are responsible for what key.
Motherboard
The motherboard is the body or mainframe of the computer, through which all other components interface. It is the central circuit board making up a complex electronic system. A motherboard provides the electrical connections by which the other components of the system communicate. The mother board includes many components such as: central processing unit (CPU), random access memory (RAM), firmware, and internal and external buses.
Central Processing Unit
The Central Processing Unit (CPU; sometimes just called processor) is a machine that can execute computer programs. It is sometimes referred to as the brain of the computer.
There are four steps that nearly all CPUs use in their operation: fetch, decode, execute, and writeback. The first step, fetch, involves retrieving an instruction from program memory. In the decode step, the instruction is broken up into parts that have significance to other portions of the CPU. During the execute step various portions of the CPU, such as the arithmetic logic unit (ALU) and the floating point unit (FPU) are connected so they can perform the desired operation. The final step, writeback, simply writes back the results of the execute step to some form of memory.
Random Access Memory
Random access memory (RAM) is fast-access memory that is cleared when the computer is power-down. RAM attaches directly to the motherboard, and is used to store programs that are currently running. RAM is a set of integrated circuits that allow the stored data to be accessed in any order (why it is called random). There are many different types of RAM. Distinctions between these different types include: writable vs. read-only, static vs. dynamic, volatile vs. non-volatile, etc.
Firmware
Firmware is loaded from the Read only memory (ROM) run from the Basic Input-Output System (BIOS). It is a computer program that is embedded in a hardware device, for example a microcontroller. As it name suggests, firmware is somewhere between hardware and software. Like software, it is a computer program which is executed by a microprocessor or a microcontroller. But it is also tightly linked to a piece of hardware, and has little meaning outside of it. Most devices attached to modern systems are special-purpose computers in their own right, running their own software. Some of these devices store that software (“firmware”) in a ROM within the device itself
Power Supply
The power supply as its name might suggest is the device that supplies power to all the components in the computer. Its case holds a transformer, voltage control, and (usually) a cooling fan. The power supply converts about 100-120 volts of AC power to low-voltage DC power for the internal components to use. The most common computer power supplies are built to conform with the ATX form factor. This enables different power supplies to be interchangable with different components inside the computer. ATX power supplies also are designed to turn on and off using a signal from the motherboard, and provide support for modern functions such as standby mode.
Removable Media Devices
If your putting something in your computer and taking it out is most likely a form of removable media. There are many different removable media devices. The most popular are probably CD and DVD drives which almost every computer these days has at least one of. There are some new disc drives such as Blu-ray which can hold a much larger amount of information then normal CDs or DVDs. One type of removable media which is becoming less popular is floppy disk.
CD
CDs are the most common type of removable media. They are inexpensive but also have short life-span. There are a few different kinds of CDs. CD-ROM which stands for Compact Disc read-only memory are popularly used to distribute computer software although any type of data can be stored on them. CD-R is another variation which can only be written to once but can be read many times. CD-RW (rewritable) can be written to more than once as well as read more than once. Some other types of CDs which are not as popular include Super Audio CD (SACD), Video Compact Discs (VCD), Super Video Compact Discs (SVCD), PhotoCD, PictureCD, CD-i, and Enhanced CD.
There are two types of devices in a computer that use CDs: CD-ROM drive and a CD writer. The CD-ROM drive used for reading a CD. The CD writer drive can read and write a CD. CD writers are much more popular are new computers than a CD-ROM drive. Both kinds of CD drives are called optical disc drives because the use a laser light or electromagnetic waves to read or write data to or from a CD.
DVD
DVDs (digital versatile discs) are another popular optical disc storage media format. The main uses for DVDs are video and data storage. Most DVDs are of the same dimensions as compact discs. Just like CDs there are many different variations. DVD-ROM has data which can only be read and not written. DVD-R and DVD+R can be written once and then function as a DVD-ROM. DVD-RAM, DVD-RW, or DVD+RW hold data that can be erased and re-written multiple times. DVD-Video and DVD-Audio discs respectively refer to properly formatted and structured video and audio content. The devices that use DVDs are very similar to the devices that use CDs. There is a DVD-ROM drive as well as a DVD writer that work the same way as a CD-ROM drive and CD writer. There is also a DVD-RAM drive that reads and writes to the DVD-RAM variation of DVD.
Blu-ray
Blu-ray is a newer optical disc storage media format. Its main uses are high-definition video and data storage. The disc has the same dimensions as a CD or DVD. The term “Blu-ray” comes from the blue laser used to read and write to the disc. The Blu-ray discs can store much more data then CDs or DVDs. A dual layer Blu-ray disc can store up to 50GB, almost six times thecapacity of a dual layer DVD (WOW!). Blu-ray discs have similar devices used to read them and write to them as CDs have. A BD-ROM drive can only read a Blu-ray disc and a BD writer can read and write a Blu-ray disc.
Floppy Disk
A floppy disk is a type of data storage that is composed of a disk of thin, flexible(“floppy”) magnetic storage medium encased in a square or rectangular plastic shell. Floppy disks are read and written by a floppy disk drive. Floppy disks are a dying and being replaced by the optical and flash drives. Many new computers do not come with floppy drives anymore but there are a lot of older ones with floppy drives lying around. While floppy disks are very cheap the amount of storage on them compared to the amount of storage for the price of flash drives makes floppy disks unreasonable to use.
Internal Storage
Internal storage is hardware that keeps data inside the computer for later use and remains persistent even when the computer has no power. There are a few different types of internal storage. Hard disks are the most popular type of internal storage. Solid-state drives have grown in popularity slowly. A disk array controller is popular when you need more storage then a single har disk can hold.
Hard Disk Drive
A hard disk drive (HDD) is a non-volatile storage device which stores digitally encoded data on rapidly rotating platters with magnetic surfaces. Just about every new computer comes with a hard disk these days unless it comes with a new solid-state drive. Typical desktop hard disk drives store between 120 and 400GB, rotate at 7,200 rpm, and have a madia transfer rate of 1 Gbit/s or higher. Hard disk drives are accessed over one of a number of bus types, including parallel ATA(also called IDE), Serial ATA (SATA), SCSI, Serial Attached SCSI, and Fibre Channel.
Solid-State Drive
A solid-state drive (SSD) is a data storage device that uses solid-state memory to store persistent data. An SSD emulates a hard disk drive, thus easily replacing it in any application. SSDs have begun to appear in laptops because they can be smaller than HDDs. SSDs are currently more expensive per unit of capacity than HDDs which is why they have not caught on so quickly.
Disk Array Controller
A disk array controller is a device which manage the physical disk drives and presents them to the computer as logical units. It almost always implements hardware RAID. RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Drives) is a technology that employs the simultaneous use of two or more hard disk drives to achieve greater levels of performance, reliability, and/or larger data volume sizes. A disk array controller also provides additional disk cache
